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70 lines
4.7 KiB
70 lines
4.7 KiB
4 years ago
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* Macoy's Emacs Cheatsheet
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It might seem intimidating, but you have to remember that Emacs is (IMO) the most powerful and easily modifiable editor, and you pay for that.
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If you end up not liking it, it's probably not for you, and that's okay! I just have a lot of fun with it and think other people might as well.
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** Terminology
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- "Window" is the term for split panes in Emacs. "Frame" is the term for the actual (OS-provided) window.
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- "Kill" is often used instead of "delete" or "close"
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- "Buffer" is used instead of "file". This is because A) files are on disk, buffers are in memory, and B) things can be a buffer that aren't from files (e.g. ~magit~ is a git interface which is an interactive buffer created in code)
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- "Face" is the characters displayed. "Font locks" are what color faces (your theme changes font lock colors)
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** Useful Commands
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*Run commands via C-S-p*.
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| ~list-packages~ | Install packages. These are plugins which add functionality |
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| ~magit~ | Manage Git repository. Commit, stage, etc. |
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| ~compile~ | Run a command to compile |
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| ~recompile~ | Run the same compile command you did last ~compile~ |
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If you want a new theme, support for a different programming language, or new functionality, check for packages which add it.
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*** Misc. commands
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| ~sort-lines~ | Nice for ordering header files. Comes in handy for random things |
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| ~delete-duplicate-lines~ | Also comes in handy for random things |
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| ~set-input-method~ | Useful when typing other languages |
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** Keybinds
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All binds in Emacs are re-bindable. It has the most flexible and powerful keybinding systems of any program I've interacted with.
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Notation:
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- ~C-g~ means "CTRL-g"
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- ~C-S-g~ means "CTRL-Shift-g"
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- ~M-g~ means "Alt-g" /(it used to mean "Meta", which was a key on certain old keyboards. Remember, Emacs is one of the oldest Open Source programs still in active use, so it has a lot of history!)/
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*** *The Most Important Keys*
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**** ~C-g~: Quit/cancel operation/exit menu
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This is like Escape in other programs (don't press Esc in Emacs though). If Emacs locks up on a long operation, you can try C-g to stop it
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**** ~C-h~: Help
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There is so much to Emacs that it would be impossible to make one cheatsheet that covers it all. Luckily, Emacs is pretty well-documented, and all the documentation is built in to the editor. Help lets you access that.
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Hit ~C-h~. It will prompt you for another key. *Type '?' to see all the help options*.
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Here are some useful help keys (press after C-h):
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| k | Tells you what a key does in the current Mode. For example, if you hit ~C-h k C-s~ in most file editing modes, help will tell you that "C-s runs the command save-buffer" |
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| m | Tells you about the buffer's current modes. This has descriptions and keybindings. The Major Mode is the primary behavior, while Minor modes augment that behavior and add features |
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| f | Describes what a function does and lets you go to its definition |
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| v | Describes what a variable represents, what its value is, and lets you go to its definition |
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*** Window Management
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"Window" is the term for split panes in Emacs. "Frame" is the term for the actual (OS-provided) window.
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These keybinds resemble web browser tab management keybinds.
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| C-S-t | Split window horizontally |
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| M-t | Split window vertically |
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| C-S-w | Remove current window split (merge windows) |
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*** Buffer Management
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Buffers are like tabs in conventional programs.
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| C-w | Kill (close) buffer. Select from a list where the first choice is always the current buffer |
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| C-b | Switch buffers. This is like clicking a tab to view a different file |
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| C-o | Open file |
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| C-S-t | Open recent file |
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| q | On buffers which aren't files (e.g. Diffs, Magit, Help), hit this to minimize the buffer |
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In order to manage whole groups of buffers, Emacs has "desktops". They save a list of all your open buffers so you can switch easily between collections of them. These are similar to Sublime's "workspaces".
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| M-d | Create new desktop with current buffers |
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| C-S-b | Switch desktops |
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Note that at startup your old desktop will not be loaded, but it will be the first in the list when you run ~C-S-b~.
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